Серия "IOP Concise Physics"

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Designing Hybrid Nanoparticles

Maria Benelmekki

Designing Hybrid Nanoparticles

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In the last few years, several “bottom-up” and “top-down” synthesis routes have been developed to produce tailored hybrid nanoparticles (HNPs). This book provides a new insight into one of the most promising “bottom-up” techniques, based on a practical magnetron-sputtering inert-gas-condensation method. A modified magnetron-sputtering-based inert-gas-condensation (MS-IGC) system is presented, and its performances under different conditions are evaluated. Designed for graduate students,...

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Maria Benelmekki

Dark Matter in the Universe

Marc S. Seigar

Dark Matter in the Universe

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Marc S. Seigar

Crystal Engineering

Jeffrey H Williams

Crystal Engineering

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There are more than 20 million chemicals in the literature, with new materials being synthesized each week. Most of these molecules are stable, and the 3-dimensional arrangement of the atoms in the molecules, in the various solids may be determined by routine x-ray crystallography. When this is done, it is found that this vast range of molecules, with varying sizes and shapes can be accommodated by only a handful of solid structures. This limited number of architectures for the packing of...

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Jeffrey H Williams

Confocal Microscopy

Jian Liu Guo

Confocal Microscopy

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The confocal microscope is appropriate for imaging cells or the measurement of industrial artefacts. However, junior researchers and instrument users sometimes misuse imaging concepts and metrological characteristics, such as position resolution in industrial metrology and scale resolution in bio-imaging. And, metrological characteristics or influence factors in 3D measurement such as height assessment error caused by 3D coupling effect are so far not yet identified. In this book, the authors...

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Jian Liu Guo

Concepts and Applications of Nonlin...

Thomas Elsaesser

Concepts and Applications of Nonlinear Terahertz Spectroscopy

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Terahertz (THz) radiation with frequencies between 100 GHz and 30 THz has developed into an important tool of science and technology, with numerous applications in materials characterization, imaging, sensor technologies, and telecommunications. Recent progress in THz generation has provided ultrashort THz pulses with electric field amplitudes of up to several megavolts/cm. This development opens the new research field of nonlinear THz spectroscopy in which strong light-matter interactions are...

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Thomas Elsaesser

Computational Approaches in Physics

Maria Fyta

Computational Approaches in Physics

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Computational Approaches in Physics reviews computational schemes which are used in the simulations of physical systems. These range from very accurate ab initio techniques up to coarse-grained and mesoscopic schemes. The choice of the method is based on the desired accuracy and computational efficiency. A bottom-up approach is used to present the various simulation methods used in Physics, starting from the lower level and the most accurate methods, up to particle-based ones. The book outlines...

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Maria Fyta

Classical Mechanics, Volume 5

Gregory A DiLisi

Classical Mechanics, Volume 5

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Classical Mechanics teaches readers how to solve physics problems; in other words, how to put math and physics together to obtain a numerical or algebraic result and then interpret these results physically. These skills are important and will be needed in more advanced science and engineering courses. However, more important than developing problem-solving skills and physical-interpretation skills, the main purpose of this multi-volume series is to survey the basic concepts of classical...

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Gregory A DiLisi

Classical Mechanics, Volume 4

Gregory A DiLisi

Classical Mechanics, Volume 4

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Gregory A DiLisi

Classical Mechanics, Volume 3

Gregory A DiLisi

Classical Mechanics, Volume 3

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Gregory A DiLisi

Classical Mechanics, Volume 2

Gregory A DiLisi

Classical Mechanics, Volume 2

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Gregory A DiLisi

Classical Mechanics, Volume 1

Gregory A DiLisi

Classical Mechanics, Volume 1

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Gregory A DiLisi

Classical Field Theory and the Stre...

Mark S. Swanson

Classical Field Theory and the Stress-Energy Tensor

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Mark S. Swanson

Causality Rules

Vladimir Pascalutsa

Causality Rules

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Scattering of light by light is a fundamental process arising at the quantum level through vacuum fluctuations. This short book will explain how, remarkably enough, this quantum process can entirely be described in terms classical quantities. This description is derived from general principles, such as causality, unitarity, Lorentz, and gauge symmetries. The reader will be introduced into a rigorous formulation of these fundamental concepts, as well as their physical interpretation and...

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Vladimir Pascalutsa

Capture and Relaxation in Self-Asse...

Robson Ferreira

Capture and Relaxation in Self-Assembled Semiconductor Quantum Dots

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This is an overview of different models and mechanisms developed to describe the capture and relaxation of carriers in quantum-dot systems. Despite their undisputed importance, the mechanisms leading to population and energy exchanges between a quantum dot and its environment are not yet fully understood. The authors develop a first-order approach to such effects, using elementary quantum mechanics and an introduction to the physics of semiconductors. The book results from a series of lectures...

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Robson Ferreira

Biophysics of the Senses

Tennille D Presley

Biophysics of the Senses

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Biophysics of the Senses connects fundamental properties of physics to biological systems, relating them directly to the human body. It includes discussions of the role of charges and free radicals in disease and homeostasis, how aspects of mechanics impact normal body functions, human bioelectricity and circuitry, forces within the body, and biophysical sensory mechanisms. This is an exciting view of how sensory aspects of biophysics are utilized in everyday life for students who are curious...

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Tennille D Presley

Biophotonics

Matthew Baker

Biophotonics

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Biophotonic diagnostics/biomedical spectroscopy can revolutionise the medical environment by providing a responsive and objective diagnostic environment. This book aims to explain the fundamentals of the physical techniques used combined with the particular requirements of analysing medical/clinical samples as a resource for any interested party. In addition, it will show the potential of this field for the future of medical science and act as a driver for translation across many different...

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Matthew Baker

Beyond Curie

Scott Calvin

Beyond Curie

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In the 116 year history of the Nobel Prize in Physics, only two women have won the award; Marie Curie (1903) and Maria Mayer (1963). During the 60 years between those awards, several women did work of similar calibre. This book focuses on those women, providing biographies for each that discuss both how they made their discoveries and the gender-specific reception of those discoveries. It also discusses the Nobel process and how society and the scientific community's treatment of them were...

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Scott Calvin

Basic Surfaces and their Analysis

Lyudmila V Goncharova

Basic Surfaces and their Analysis

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This book is an introduction to the basics of surface science. The Nobel Prize winner Wolfgang Pauli's statement, 'God made solids, but surfaces were the work of the devil!' emphasizes the diabolic nature of surfaces. Surfaces are the external border of materials to the external worlds, thus by exploring surfaces one can investigate the material. In the last few decades new and exciting surface properties have been explored in nanomaterials, low-dimensional structures in...

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Lyudmila V Goncharova

B Factories

Boštjan Golob

B Factories

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B Factories are particle colliders at which specific subatomic particles – B mesons – are produced abundantly. The purpose is to study the properties of their decays in great detail in order to shed light on a mystery of eminently larger scale: why do we live in a universe composed of anti-matter? This book introduces readers to the physics laws of the CP asymmetry, touching on experimental requirements needed to perform such measurements at the subatomic level, and illustrating the main...

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Boštjan Golob

Atoms and Photons and Quanta, Oh My...

F Todd Baker

Atoms and Photons and Quanta, Oh My!

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This is the second book in the “Ask the Physicist” series. The first book, From Newton to Einstein: Ask the physicist about mechanics and relativity, provides an excellent foundation for this book that covers topics in ‘modern’ physics. The main emphasis of this volume is providing an accessible introduction to quantum physics, atomic physics, and nuclear physics to anyone with at least high-school physics knowledge.

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F Todd Baker

Atomic Structure

Colm T. Whelan

Atomic Structure

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A knowledge of atomic theory should be an essential part of every physicist's and chemist's toolkit. This book provides an introduction to the basic ideas that govern our understanding of microscopic matter, and the essential features of atomic structure and spectra are presented in a direct and easily accessible manner. Semi-classical ideas are reviewed and an introduction to the quantum mechanics of one and two electron systems and their interaction with external electromagnetic...

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Colm T. Whelan

Atomic Physics

Paul Ewart

Atomic Physics

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Atomic Physics provides a concise treatment of atomic physics and a basis to prepare for work in other disciplines that are underpinned by atomic physics such as chemistry, biology and several aspects of engineering science. The focus is mainly on atomic structure since this is what is primarily responsible for the physical properties of atoms. After a brief introduction to some basic concepts, the perturbation theory approach follows the hierarchy of interactions starting with the largest. The...

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Paul Ewart

Atomic Bomb: The Story of the Manha...

Bruce Cameron Reed

Atomic Bomb: The Story of the Manhattan Project

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This volume, prepared by an acknowledged expert on the Manhattan Project, gives a concise, fast-paced account of all major aspects of the project at a level accessible to an undergraduate college or advanced high-school student familiar with some basic concepts of energy, atomic structure, and isotopes. The text describes the underlying scientific discoveries that made nuclear weapons possible, how the project was organized, the daunting challenges faced and overcome in obtaining fissile uranium...

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Bruce Cameron Reed

Applied Digital Logic Exercises Usi...

Kurt Wick

Applied Digital Logic Exercises Using FPGAs

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FPGAs have almost entirely replaced the traditional Application Specific Standard Parts (ASSP) such as the 74xx logic chip families because of their superior size, versatility, and speed. For example, FPGAs provide over a million fold increase in gates compared to ASSP parts. The traditional approach for hands-on exercises has relied on ASSP parts, primarily because of their simplicity and ease of use for the novice. Not only is this approach technically outdated, but it also severely limits...

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Kurt Wick

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