Серия "Pennsylvania Studies in Human Rights"

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Human Rights in Turkey

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Human Rights in Turkey

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Turkey's mixed human rights record has been highly politicized in the debate surrounding the country's probable ascendance to membership in the European Union. Beginning with the foundation of a secular republic in 1923, and continuing with founding membership in the United Nations and participation in the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, Turkey made significant commitments to the advancement of human rights. However, its authoritarian tradition, periods of...

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Crimes of Peace

Maurizio Albahari

Crimes of Peace

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Among the world's hotly contested, obsessively controlled, and often dangerous borders, none is deadlier than the Mediterranean Sea. Since 2000, at least 25,000 people have lost their lives attempting to reach Italy and the rest of Europe, most by drowning in the Mediterranean. Every day, unauthorized migrants and refugees bound for Europe put their lives in the hands of maritime smugglers, while fishermen, diplomats, priests, bureaucrats, armed forces sailors, and hesitant bystanders waver...

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Maurizio Albahari

Crimes of the Holocaust

Stephan Landsman

Crimes of the Holocaust

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The problem of prosecuting individuals complicit in the Nazi regime's «Final Solution» is almost insurmountably complex and has produced ever less satisfying results as time has passed. In Crimes of the Holocaust , Stephan Landsman provides detailed analysis of the International Military Tribunal prosecution at Nuremberg in 1945, the Eichmann trial in Israel in 1961, the 1986 Demanjuk trial in Israel, and the 1990 prosecution of Imre Finta in Canada. Landsman presents each case and...

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Stephan Landsman

African Constitutionalism and the R...

Abdullahi Ahmed An-Na'im

African Constitutionalism and the Role of Islam

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Constitutionalism is steadily becoming the prevalent form of governance in Africa. But how does constitutionalism deal with the lingering effects of colonialism? And how does constitutional law deal with Islamic principles in the region? African Constitutionalism and the Role of Islam seeks to answer these questions. Constitutional governance has not been, nor will be, easily achieved, Abdullahi Ahmed An-Na'im argues. But setbacks and difficulties are to be expected in the process of...

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Abdullahi Ahmed An-Na'im

Human Rights Transformation in Prac...

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Human Rights Transformation in Practice

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Human rights are increasingly described as being in crisis. But are human rights really on the verge of disappearing? Human Rights Transformation in Practice argues that it is certainly the case that human rights organizations in many parts of the world are under threat, but that the ideals of justice, fairness, and equality inherent in human rights remain appealing globally—and that recognizing the continuing importance and strength of human rights requires looking for them in...

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Human Rights or Global Capitalism

Manfred Nowak

Human Rights or Global Capitalism

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The fall of communism in the late 1980s and the end of the Cold War seemed to signal a new international social order built on pluralist democracy, the rule of law, and universal human rights. But the window of opportunity for creating this more just, more equal, and more secure world slammed shut just as quickly as it opened. Rather than celebrate the triumph of democracy over autocracy, or political freedom over totalitarian rule, the West exulted in the victory of capitalism over communism....

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Manfred Nowak

Mexico's Human Rights Crisis

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Mexico's Human Rights Crisis

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Lawless elements are ascendant in Mexico, as evidenced by the operations of criminal cartels engaged in human and drug trafficking, often with the active support or acquiescence of government actors. The sharp increase in the number of victims of homicide, disappearances and torture over the past decade is unparalleled in the country's recent history. According to editors Alejandro Anaya-Muñoz and Barbara Frey, the «war on drugs» launched in 2006 by President Felipe...

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Everyday Occupations

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Everyday Occupations

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In the twenty-first century, political conflict and militarization have come to constitute a global social condition rather than a political exception. Military occupation increasingly informs the politics of both democracies and dictatorships, capitalist and formerly socialist regimes, raising questions about its relationship to sovereignty and the nation-state form. Israel and India are two of the world's most powerful postwar democracies yet have long-standing military occupations....

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Female Circumcision

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Female Circumcision

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Bolokoli , khifad , tahara , tahoor , qudiin , irua , bondo , kuruna , negekorsigin , and kene-kene are a few of the terms used in local African languages to denote a set of cultural practices collectively known as female circumcision. Practiced in many countries across Africa and Asia, this ritual is hotly debated. Supporters regard it as a central coming-of-age ritual that ensures chastity and promotes fertility. Human rights groups denounce the procedure as barbaric. It is estimated...

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Forging Rights in a New Democracy

Anna Fournier

Forging Rights in a New Democracy

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The last two decades have been marked by momentous changes in forms of governance throughout the post-Soviet region. Ukraine's political system, like those of other formerly socialist states of Eastern Europe, has often been characterized as being «in transition,» moving from a Soviet system to one more closely aligned with Western models. Anna Fournier challenges this view, investigating what is increasingly recognized as a critical aspect of contemporary global rights discourse: the...

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Anna Fournier

Creating Human Rights

Lisa S. Alfredson

Creating Human Rights

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Selected by Choice magazine as an Outstanding Academic Title Creating Human Rights offers the first systematic study of a pioneering women's refugee movement and its challenge, as an international trigger case, to more conventional paths toward human rights policy development. Lisa S. Alfredson argues that such cases, which unfold in the context of a specific country and have profound impacts on international human rights efforts, have been neglected in research and pose a challenge to...

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Lisa S. Alfredson

The Ideals of Global Sport

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The Ideals of Global Sport

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"Sport has the power to change the world," South African president Nelson Mandela told the Sporting Club in Monte Carlo in 2000. Today, we are inundated with similar claims—from politicians, diplomats, intellectuals, journalists, athletes, and fans—about the many ways that international sports competitions make the world a better place. Promoters of the Olympic Games and similar global sports events have spent more than a century telling us that these festivals offer a...

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Human Rights Under African Constitu...

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Human Rights Under African Constitutions

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Some of the most massive and persistent violations of human rights occur in African nations. In Human Rights Under African Constitutions: Realizing the Promise for Ourselves , scholars from a wide range of fields present a sober, systematic assessment of the prospects for legal protection of human rights in Africa. In a series of detailed and highly contextual studies of Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Morocco, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, South Africa, Sudan, and Uganda, experts seek to...

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Searching for Normal in the Wake of...

Sharon Alane Abramowitz

Searching for Normal in the Wake of the Liberian War

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At the end of Liberia's thirteen-year civil war, the devastated population struggled to rebuild their country and come to terms with their experiences of violence. During the first decade of postwar reconstruction, hundreds of humanitarian organizations created programs that were intended to heal trauma, prevent gendered violence, rehabilitate former soldiers, and provide psychosocial care to the transitioning populace. But the implementation of these programs was not always suited to the...

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Sharon Alane Abramowitz

Cultural Heritage in Transit

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Cultural Heritage in Transit

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Human Rights and War Through Civili...

Thomas W. Smith

Human Rights and War Through Civilian Eyes

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International lawyers and ethicists have long judged wars from the perspective of the state and its actions, developing international humanitarian law by asking such questions as «Are the belligerents justified in entering the conflict?» and «How should they conduct themselves during the war's execution?» and «When civilian noncombatants are harmed, who is responsible for their suffering?» Human Rights and War Through Civilian Eyes reimagines the ethics of war from the standpoint of its...

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Thomas W. Smith

International Responses to Mass Atr...

Kurt Mills

International Responses to Mass Atrocities in Africa

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Since the end of World War II and the founding of the United Nations, genocide, crimes against humanity and other war crimes—mass atrocities—have been explicitly illegal. When such crimes are committed, the international community has an obligation to respond: the human rights of the victims outweigh the sovereignty claims of states that engage in or allow such human rights violations. This obligation has come to be known as the responsibility to protect. Yet, parallel to...

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Kurt Mills

Joyful Human Rights

William Paul Simmons

Joyful Human Rights

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William Paul Simmons

The Battle for Algeria

Jennifer Johnson

The Battle for Algeria

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In The Battle for Algeria Jennifer Johnson reinterprets one of the most violent wars of decolonization: the Algerian War (1954-1962). Johnson argues that the conflict was about who—France or the National Liberation Front (FLN)—would exercise sovereignty of Algeria. The fight between the two sides was not simply a military affair; it also involved diverse and competing claims about who was positioned to better care for the Algerian people's health and welfare. Johnson...

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Jennifer Johnson

Human Rights in Thailand

Don F. Selby

Human Rights in Thailand

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When the Thai state violently suppressed a massive prodemocracy protest in «Black May,» 1992, it initiated an unprecedented period in Thailand. The military, shamed and chagrined, withdrew from political life, and the democracy movement had more latitude than ever before in Thailand's history, gaining an institutional presence previously unseen. This extraordinary moment created a unique opportunity for the human rights movement to emerge, for the first time, on a national scale in...

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Don F. Selby

Chains of Justice

Sonia Cardenas

Chains of Justice

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Sonia Cardenas

Human Rights as War by Other Means

Jennifer Curtis

Human Rights as War by Other Means

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Following the 1998 peace agreement in Northern Ireland, political violence has dramatically declined and the region has been promoted as a model for peacemaking. Human rights discourse has played an ongoing role in the process but not simply as the means to promote peace. The language can also become a weapon as it is appropriated and adapted by different interest groups to pursue social, economic, and political objectives. Indeed, as violence still periodically breaks out and some ethnocommunal...

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Jennifer Curtis

Fragile Families

Naomi Glenn-Levin Rodriguez

Fragile Families

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In the past decade, debates over immigrant rights and family rights, and accompanying concerns over birthright citizenship, have taken center stage in popular media and mainstream political debates. These debates, however, frequently overlook the role of the public child welfare system in the United States—the agency charged with protecting children and maintaining the integrity of families. Based on research conducted in the San Diego-Tijuana region between 2008 and 2012, Fragile...

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Naomi Glenn-Levin Rodriguez

Inherent Human Rights

Johannes Morsink

Inherent Human Rights

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Johannes Morsink

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